Centrifugal fan and pump.



J. w. ELLING. GENTBIPUGAL FAN AND PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 16, 1904.

Patented Dec.29,1908. I Z a sums-sum 1.

WZZneMaf J. W. A. ELLING. GENTRIEUGAL PAN AND PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 16, 1904.

Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

W'wneases (WM/w.

J. W. A. BLLING.- GENTRIPUGAL PAN AND PUMP. APPLICATION FILED JULY 16,.1904.

908,227. v Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Womwswt L I f JENS WILLIAM AEGIDIUS ELLING, 0F CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY.

CENTRIFUGAL FAN Am) Pm.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 29, 1908.

Application filed July 16, 1904. Serial No. 216,821.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, Jam WILLIAM AEGI- DIUS ELLING, a subject of the King of Norway, residing in the city of Christiania, in the Kingdom of new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Fans and Centrifugal Pumps, of which the following is a s ecification.

The invention re ates to improvements in centrifugal fans and pumps provided with adjustable diffuser vanes located at the periphery of the fan orpump blades, the invention having for its object the provision of means whereby adjustment of the diffuser vanes is effected to permit efficient discharge of the fluid under constant number of revo lutions of the Wheel. In centrifugal fans or pumps of this character, when driven at a constant speed, the fluid issues from the wheel at a certain angleto the tangent of the periphery, and the highest efficiency is at tained, when the diffuser vanes are st to the abovenamed angle. By such ad'ustment of the vanes the flow of the fluid will not be disturbed by im act against any side of the vanes, the flui being merely uided towards the divergin part of the cana formed by the vanes. In t e clearance space between the wheel and the difluser vanes the pressures of the fluid will in such a normal case theoretically be equal all around the periphery at points equi-distant from the axis of the wheel. If now the discharge of the fan or pump is changed to a larger or smaller quantity, the mean direction of the fluid issuing. from the wheel will be correspondingly changed to a larger or smaller angle to the tangent of the periphery and the pressure in the said clearance space will now be unequal at different points of the periphery of the same radial distance from the axis of the wheel, if the diffuser vanes are not correspondingly adjusted, such change in pressure being due to the different angle atwhich the air discharged by the wheel strikes the diffuser vanes, it being obvious that the more acute such angle is, the greater will be the pressure at the point of direct impact and the less will be the pressure at the same time at a point adjacent such point of direct impact. In the first case the area between the diffuser vanes is too small necessitating a high velocity of the fluid at the entrance of the passage betwecn the vanes and thereby reducing the pressure here as compared with the ressure prevailing at a place behind the tip of Norway, have invented certain the vane, where no contraction of the current takes place. tween the diffuser vanes is too large to correspond to the proper velocity of the discharge from the wheel, and'consequently the'pressure will be higher before the entrance opening between the diffuser vanes than behind the tips of the vanes, where moreover an eddy will arise. Such action will take place at every diffuser vane, and the values of the pressures will correspond to a stationary waveline the crest of whichwill shift according to the discharge quantity. The consequence of these unequal or abnormal pressures will of course be that power is consumed and the monometric efficiency is reduced, which evils may be nullified by adjusting the diffuser vanes inthe manner that the above named normal state of things as indicated above may take place for any discharge quantity of the fan or pumps. The said unequal pressures may now'by certain means be made to indicate if and in what manner the adjustment of the diffuser vanes is tobe done, and the difierence in pressure may be employed directly or indirectly by suitable mechanism to change the openings between the'diffuser vanes to correspond to the change in the discharge quantity of the fan or pump. i

The invention will be more fully described in connection with the accompanying drawing and will be more particularly pointed out and ascertained in and by the appended claims. g

In the drawingsz Figure 1 is a fragmentary view of a portion of a centrifugal fan or pump with cover of easing removed showing the means for operating the diffuser vanes by hand. Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is similar view as Fig. 1 but showing the means for connecting the diffuser vanes to an automatic adjusting device. Fig. 4 is a sectional view on line 4-4 in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 repre- In the second case the area be sents a modified automatic adjusting de- I vice.

Like characters of reference designate similar parts throughout the different figures of the drawing.

.As shown, my invention consists generally of a two-part shell or casing com rising members A and B, respectively, w rich may be bolted or secured together in any desired manner. The fan blades which are indicated by C are, at their outer peripheries,

in close proximity to the receiving ends of the diffuser vanes a. The casing formed? by the parts A and B is divided by a movable partition d provided at its peri hery with recesses d for the outgoing fluid currents. Between the movablepartition d and the part A are interposed-the diffuser vanes a provided at their receiving ends with journals b, which find bearings in cavities c in the part A. The opposite or delivery ends of said vanes are secured to the partition d upon pins e which engage slots 0/ in said vanes. lfiach of said vanes completely fills the space laterally between the movable partition (1 and the stationary casing A forming a passage which delivers direct to the opemngs d. The said openings at deliver to a chamber b formed in the part B by means of .a circular partition b which extends up to and has a bearing engagement'with the movable partition d. Such engagement consists desirably of a packing ring 1' lodged between the partition b and a ring 1" tightening on the partition 11, affording free movement for the partition (1. It will be seen from the figures that all of the vanes a are connected at their receiving ends with the stationary part A and at then delivery ends with the movable partition (1 thereby permitting adjustment of all the vanes in unison, upon movement of the partition d.

As shown the partition (1 is connected with and operated by mechanism inthe following manner. In the casing B is mounted a shaft 9 which carrieson its outer end an operating lever f and on its inner end "a lever h, the latter engaging on its opposite faces lugs & formed on the partition (1. As the lever f is raised and lowered the lever h'en gaging the lugs 01, serves to swing the partition d in opposite directions.

According to. Figs. 1 and 2 the operation I of the lever f is'done by hand, and the device for indicatingin which way the said lever is to be worked consists of a U-shaped tube J, the branches of which are through ipes j and k communicating with thed'iuser at the points and 7c. The tube J of. transparent material, for instance glass,. is partly filled with liquid, for instance water, and as long as the diffuser vanes are properly set in conformity with the delivery of fluid the 001-,

umns of liquid in the branches of the tube f are level, but as soon as the delivery of fluid changes the equilibrium of pressure in the diffuser is disturbed, which causes the columns" in the tube J to come out of level either the one way 'or the other and thereb indicating how the handle f is to be worked: until the two columns again are level, which indicates that the diifuser vanes are propadjusted.

erl a The means for actuating the lever f automatically, Figs-"3 and 4 consists of the following parts. A cylinder 0 is provided having a reciprocatin piston 0 and a piston rod which is slotte at its u per end. The ever .is adjustably secure to the slotted end 0 the piston rod 9 by means of a thumb nut clamp g The cylinder 0, as shown, is provided with a valve chest which communicates by means of ports s s with the cylinder 0 and with an exhaust 10 common to said ports. A slide valve it operates to alternately connect the opposite ends of the cylinder O with the valve chest and exhaust through the orts s and s. The valve 'n is normally he d upon its seat in the valve chest by means of an adjustable bolt 0, the walls of the valve chest desirably constituting lateral guides. The valve n is operated upon its seat by a diaphragm Z, vi hich is located in .a diaphra m chamber m. Said chamber is connecte with the fan or pump casing by pi es 3'' and k which communicate with said 0 amber at points on opposite sides of the diaphragm t. municate with the casing at points indicated by and k. The opening is is located closely adjacent the receiving end of one of the diffuser vanes a and referably at a point intersected by a radia line passing through the center of the fan or pump and touching the end of the vane a. lhe'opening j is located at the same radial distance from the center of the fan as is opening k, but a slight distance be end the receivin end of the vane.

The a justment shown 1n Figs. 3 and 4 is such that the fluid discharging from the fan or pum travels in a plane coincident with an axia line of the space between the varies a when the fan or ump operates at a given speed. In this ad ustment the pressure at 1' and is will be equal and the pressure communicated on opposite sides of the diaphragm will likewise be equal thereby maintaining the valve n in a position to close ports 8 ands so that the piston 0 and the vanes a will remain stationary. Assuming that the delivery of the fan or ump is decreased and the fluid is discharge at a smaller angle to the periphery necessitating a corresponding inward adjustment of the vanes, the pressure Said pipes compressure at 7:: moving the valve n to the left and opening port s, raising the piston 0 and swinging the vanes a inwardly until the medial or axial lines between said vanes coincide with the angle of discharge of the fluid passing from the wheel.

The driving medium for the piston 0 may be taken from any source producing sufficient ressure, it may thus very conveniently be ta en from the delivery pipe'of the fan or In the device shown in Fi 5 the cylinder and piston are substituted 7 by a bellows, which is provided with a movable middlebottom. 0 is the movable bottom, which through a rod 9 and link g is connected with the movable partition d, the said bottom through the rod having fixed bottoms u and u. The said rod 9 is located in the middle of the said bottom u and 'u/ and moves in packing boxes. The pipes y" and 7c lead into spaces on either side of diaphragm m, which is connected to a slide valve '12,. The medium for operating the said bottom 0 is through a pipe 8 conducted either into the pipe 8 or into the pipe 8, all according to the action of the pressure difference in the pipes j and It, so as to either lift or lower the bottom 0, said motion being transmitted to the diffuser vanes p are the exhaust ports of the two cham ers of the bellows t.

Claims 1. In a centrifugal fan or pump the combination of a diffuser having movable vanes and automatically operating means for adjusting said vanes in accordance with the delivery of the fan or pump.

2. In a centrifugal fan or pump the combination of a casing, a wheel revolving therein, adjustable diffuser vanes, mechanism for adjusting said vanes in unison, said vanes creatlng unequal pressures as described and automatically operating means controlled by the said unequal pressures to cause the adjustment ofthe said vanes in accordance with the varying delivery of the fan or pump.

3. In a centrifugal fan or pump the com-- bination of a casing, a wheel revolving therein, adjustable diffuser vanes, mechanism for adjusting said vanes in unison, an auxiliary motor connected with said mechanism and governed by the mechanism, connected with the interior space of the casing between the wheel and the diffuser vanes at two points of equal radial distance from the center of the wheel for the purpose ofoperatin the said gover ning mechanism by the sai un equal pressures so as to obtain automatic a justment of the vanes.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JENS WILLIAM AEGIDIUS ELLING. Witnesses:

N. G. FAUDBERG, HENRY Bonnnwrcn. 

